Posts Tagged: plant pathology
The Enemy of the Gardener
Aphids, don't you just hate them? Especially those oleander aphids that suck the very lifeblood...
Oleander aphids clustering on a milkweed stem. (Photo by Kathy Keatley Garvey)
Aphids magnified on a Leica DVM6 microscope, operated by Lynn Epstein, UC Davis emeritus professor of plant pathology.
UCD plant pathology graduate students visited Kearney on May 13, 2016 to have classes in the field.
UCD plant pathology graduate students visited Kearney on May 13, 2016 to have classes in the field.
Bob Gilbertson, professor in the Department of Plant Pathology at UC Davis, specializing in seed pathology, virology, and insect-transmitted viruses, brought 18 graduate students to the University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center (UC ANR KARE) in May. The visit was related to the course: PLP 205A Diseases of Field, Vegetable, Fruit and Nut Crops.
The field trip started with a general introduction about the UC Extension principles and philosophy by Pete Goodell, UC Cooperative Extension advisor, Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program and UC ANR KARE. Students then got a field tour lead by Chuck Boldwyn, Center Superintendent of Agriculture at UC ANR KARE and field presentations by Florent Trouillas, Assistant UC Cooperative Extension specialist in the Department of Plant Pathology at UC Davis and UC ANR KARE, Themis Michailides, Plant Pathologist in the Department of Plant Pathology at UC Davis and UC ANR KARE, and George Zhuang, UC Cooperative Extension advisor in Fresno county, specializing in viticulture and enology, on various diseases and related issues.
Field presentations included:
- Prunes: wood decay and Cytospora canker
- Pistachios: Botryosphaeria shoot and panicle blight; bushy top syndrome, and research on Aflatoxin
- Grapes: grapevine canker diseases (Esca, Phomopsis, Eutypa and Botryosphaeria).
Kearney hosted a workshop on leaffooted bug monitoring, damage to tree nut crops, and management strategies.
On May 10, 2016, Kearney researchers, Kris Tollerup, UC ANR cooperative extension advisor at Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, specializing in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for almond, pistachio, tree fruit and grape crops; and Themis Michailides, UC ANR plant pathologist and lecturer in Plant Pathology at UC Davis and Kearney Agricultural Research & Extension Center, conducted a workshop to help attendees learn more about leaffooted bug monitoring, damage, management, and its involvement in spreading Bot of pistachio and other diseases on pistachio and almond.
Tollerup discussed the different Hemipteran pests (leaffooted bugs and stink bugs). A PowerPoint handout was provided. The handout covered what the bugs look like; the stages of the bugs' growth; diagnostics for identification; the host crops; overwintering, what the damage to almonds and pistachios looks like; when the damage occurs; what we know, and what we need to know.
In the field, Michailides showed how the insect damage can lead to an increased incidence of pathogenic infections. Field research by Michailides and Dave Morgan has shown that there is an “association of Botryosphaeria panicle and shoot blight of pistachio with injuries of fruit caused by Hemiptera insects and birds.”
Michailides concluded that the disease in almonds caused by insect damage “is a new disease of almond and it is very similar to the stigmatomycosis reported on pistachio.” Early insect damage can result in the nuts dropping from the tree and later damage can render part of the crop unmarketable due to decay and black spots on the kernels.
The photograph shows: Infection of pistachio fruit by Neofusicoccum mediterraneum (initially identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea, thus the name Bot of pistachio disease) initiated from insect-punctured fruit and spread into the main rachis of the cluster [A and B; note a leaffooted bug (Leptoglossus clypealis) on the rachis of pistachio cluster in B]; C, fruit infected by the pathogen and covered with pycnidia surrounding the sap exuded from the insect's injury; D, fruit infections initiated from injuries caused by birds and spread into the main rachis of clusters.
LREC Plant Pathology Lab Receives and Passes CDFA Compliance Inspection
Over the past year and a half, UCCE Tulare County Farm Advisor Elizabeth Fichtner and...
Sabrine Dhaouadi (left), visiting scientist, and Elizabeth Fichtner, UCCE Tulare farm advisor (right) introduce Stephanie Theodore (center) to the new pathology facility at LREC.
Meeting at Kearney helps stakeholders understand and detect Pistachio Bushy Top Syndrome.
Jennifer Randall, Research Associate Professor in the Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Weed Science at New Mexico State University provided a presentation on “Pistachio Bushy Top Syndrome: Disease etiology and diagnosis procedures" on April 7, 2015 at Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center (KARE).
The presentation was followed by a Q&A session conducted by Randall; Florent Trouillas, Assistant Cooperative Extension Specialist at KARE and in the Department of Plant Pathology at UC Davis specializing in fruit and nut crops; Craig Kallsen, UC Cooperative Extension advisor in Kern County, specializing in citrus, subtropical horticulture and pistachios; Robert Beede, UC Cooperative Extension advisor, emeritus, in Kings County, specializing in horticulture: tree fruit, nuts and grapes; and Elizabeth Fichtner, UC Cooperative Extension advisor in Tulare County, specializing in orchard systems.
Background: In the last few years, a new disease affecting UCB1 rootstocks emerged in CA, AZ, and NM. This disease was named Pistachio Bushy Top Syndrome (PBTS). Scientific evidence in 2014 demonstrated that PBTS is caused by the bacterium, Rhodococcus fascians (Rf). The percentage of rootstock exhibiting symptoms varies widely among plantings. At least 20,000 acres in CA have been affected to some extent. Two strains of Rf have been identified. Each is pathogenic, and they act synergistically to cause more severe disease symptoms. Pistachio growers in CA need to test for the pathogen in their newly planted orchards. This workshop attempted to bring academic, private and governmental diagnosis labs up to date on this new disease. Dr. Jennifer Randall from NMSU presented her group's latest research on the disease biology and detection methodologies.
Question and answer session at Kearney after a presentation on Pistachio Bushy Top Syndrome: disease etiology and diagnosis procedures.